In 1841, ten Caddo Indians were employed by settlers to locate stolen horses. Somewhere south of the Palo Pinto hills they were surrounded by General Edward Burleson’s Rangers. A letter written by settlers giving the Indians authority to find the horses was disregarded. The group voted 40-22 to kill the Caddos. The Indians were shot and scalped; one had the skin peeled from his back for use as a razor strap.

John Holmes Jenkins (ed.) Recollections of Early Texas: The Memoirs of John Holland Jenkins, Austin: University of Texas press, 1958.